| Pyramids
are among the largest man-made constructions as well as one of the great
Wonders of the ancient world.
Egyptian pyramids
The most famous are the Egyptian pyramids — huge pyramids built
of brick or stone, some of which are among the largest man-made constructions,
constitute one of the most best known and longest lasting symbols of Ancient
Egyptian civilization.
Pharaohs
used Pyramids as tombs. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest
in Egypt and one of the largest in the world. It is one of the Seven Wonders
of the World, and the only one of the seven to survive into modern times.
The ancient Egyptians topped the peaks of their pyramids with gold and
covered the outside with polished white limestone, though many of the
stones used for the purpose have fallen or been removed for other structures
over the millennia.
Nubian pyramids
Nubian pyramids , about 200 of them, were constructed at three sites in
Nubia to serve as tombs for the kings and queens of Napata and Meroë.
The area of the Nile valley known as Nubia that is within present day
Sudan . The Nubians built far more pyramids than the Egyptians, but they
are much smaller. Nubian pyramids were constructed at a steeper
angle than Egyptian ones and were not tombs, but monuments to dead kings.
Pyramids were built in Nubia up until the AD 300s.
Mesopotamians pyramids
The Mesopotamians also built pyramids, called ziggurats. In ancient
times these were brightly painted. Since they were constructed of mud-brick,
little remains of them. The biblical Tower of Babel is believed to have
been a Babylonian ziggurat.
Mesoamerican pyramids
A number of Mesoamerican cultures also built pyramid-shaped structures.
Mesoamerican pyramids were usually stepped, with temples on top, more
similar to the Mesopotamian ziggurat than the Egyptian pyramid.
The largest pyramid by volume is the Great
Pyramid of Cholula, in the Mexican state of Puebla. This pyramid
is also considered the largest monument ever constructed anywhere in the
world, but it is still being excavated. There is an unusual pyramid with
a circular plan at the site of Cuicuilco, now inside Mexico City and mostly
covered with lava from an ancient eruption of Xictli. Pyramids in Mexico
were often used as places of sacrifice.
China
There are quite a few flat-top pyramids in China. Beginning about
220 B.c., a dozen more Chinese royalties of Han Dynasty were also buried
under flat top pyramidal earth works.
Modern pyramids
An
example of a modern pyramid can be found in Paris, France, in front of
the Louvre Museum. The Louvre Pyramid is a 20.6 meter (about 70 feet)
glass structure which acts as an entrance to the museum. It was designed
by the American architect I. M. Pei and completed in 1989.
The Transamerica Pyramid in Downtown San Francisco, California.
The 32-story Pyramid Arena in Memphis, Tennessee (built
in 1991) was the home court for the University of Memphis men's basketball
program, and the National
Basketball Association's Memphis Grizzlies until 2004.
The Walter Pyramid, home of the basketball and volleyball
teams of the California State University, Long Beach, campus in California,
United States, is an 18-story-tall blue pyramid.
The Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, United States, is a 30-story
pyramid with light beaming from
the top.
The Summum Pyramid, a 3 story pyramid in Salt Lake City,
Utah is used for instruction in the Summum philosophy and conducting rites
associated with Modern Mummification.
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